SQL Server複合式外部索引(Composite Foreign Key),條件約束失效的陷阱
在SQL Server,資料表若有使用複合式外部索引(Composite Foreign Key),且欄位為可允許為NULL,則會失去條件約束驗證的作用,依官方文件說明如下:
(參考網址:https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/sql/relational-databases/tables/create-foreign-key-relationships?view=sql-server-ver15)
CREATE TABLE [MASTER]
(
CODE_ID varchar(20) NOT NULL,
CODE_TYPE int NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT PK_MASTER_KEY PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED(CODE_ID, CODE_TYPE)
)
GO
CREATE TABLE DETAIL
(
DETAIL_ID INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,
CODE_ID varchar(20) NULL,
CODE_TYPE int NULL
)
GO
ALTER TABLE DETAIL ADD CONSTRAINT FK_CODE_ID_TYPE FOREIGN KEY(CODE_ID, CODE_TYPE)
REFERENCES MASTER (CODE_ID, CODE_TYPE)
GO
-------新增MASTER資料
INSERT INTO [MASTER] VALUES('A', 1)
GO
-------新增DETAIL資料
INSERT INTO DETAIL VALUES(NULL, NULL) -->>成功
GO
INSERT INTO DETAIL VALUES('A', 1) -->>因為MASTER有此組資料,故成功
GO
INSERT INTO DETAIL VALUES('A', 2) -->>因為MASTER無此組資料,失敗
GO
INSERT INTO DETAIL VALUES(NULL, 1) -->>因為MASTER無此組資料,預期會失敗,但卻成功
GO
INSERT INTO DETAIL VALUES(NULL, 2) -->>因為MASTER無此組資料,預期會失敗,但卻成功
GO
INSERT INTO DETAIL VALUES('A', NULL) -->>因為MASTER無此組資料,預期會失敗,但卻成功
GO
INSERT INTO DETAIL VALUES('B', NULL) -->>因為MASTER無此組資料,預期會失敗,但卻成功
GO
SELECT * FROM [MASTER]
SELECT * FROM [DETAIL]
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