本文章內容：
Docker網路管理。
1. 列出Docker網路類型
執行docker network ls
[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
355a0d93cc67 bridge bridge local #不是物理橋，是NAT橋
b7ac9b974d83 host host local
6375f3007dfa none null local2. 查看Docker網路類型的詳細訊息
執行docker network inspect bridge
[root@localhost ~]# docker network inspect bridge
[
{
"Name": "bridge",
"Id": "355a0d93cc674335c82d34659db98d7cfe539e5142cfc658d7e0ff556ab695c1",
"Created": "2021-02-19T09:28:30.041562915-05:00",
"Scope": "local",
"Driver": "bridge",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": null,
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "172.17.0.0/16", #該bridge的網段
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1" #該bridge的ip
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Attachable": false,
"Ingress": false,
"ConfigFrom": {
"Network": ""
},
"ConfigOnly": false,
"Containers": { #該bridge關聯到的容器
"639eecef5599146f33ad0494fa09cb3a17add85614b967c73e78198a9bc502cd": {
"Name": "busybox1",
"EndpointID": "7214ce5171364918c214ddbdcec0eeb0aeb0c17b16e4a8a8e49c920313ae633b",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"IPv4Address": "172.17.0.2/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
},
},
"Options": {
"com.docker.network.bridge.default_bridge": "true",
"com.docker.network.bridge.enable_icc": "true",
"com.docker.network.bridge.enable_ip_masquerade": "true",
"com.docker.network.bridge.host_binding_ipv4": "0.0.0.0",
"com.docker.network.bridge.name": "docker0", #該bridge的名稱
"com.docker.network.driver.mtu": "1500"
},
"Labels": {}
}
]3. 創建封閉式網路容器
執行docker container run --name busybox1 --network none -it busybox:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --name busybox1 --network none -it busybox
/ # ifconfig -a
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)4. 創建橋接式網路容器
執行docker container run --name busybox1 --network bridge -it busybox:latest #默認就是bridge網路且是NAT橋
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --name busybox1 --network bridge -it busybox:latest
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02
inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:656 (656.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)5. 創建聯盟式網路容器
1. 執行docker container run --name busybox1 -it busybox:latest，然後執行ifconfig看到busybox1容器的ip是172.17.0.2
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --name busybox1 -it busybox:latest
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02
inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:516 (516.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
/ #2. 執行docker container run --name busybox2 --network container:busybox1 -it busybox:latest，然後執行ifconfig看到容器busybox2容器的ip也是172.17.0.2
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --name busybox2 --network container:busybox1 -it busybox:latest
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02
inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:656 (656.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
/ #6. 創建開放式網路容器
1. 執行docker contaienr run --name busybox1 --network host -it busybox:latest #與宿主機執行ifconfig一樣
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --name busybox1 --network host -it busybox:latest
/ # ifconfig
docker0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:ED:27:3E:42
inet addr:172.17.0.1 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::42:edff:fe27:3e42/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:144 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:154 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:15731 (15.3 KiB) TX bytes:12815 (12.5 KiB)
ens33 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:98:00:1A
inet addr:192.168.128.228 Bcast:192.168.128.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::12da:f368:4b08:ba51/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:187210 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:37918 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:177881154 (169.6 MiB) TX bytes:5699987 (5.4 MiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:98 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:98 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:8608 (8.4 KiB) TX bytes:8608 (8.4 KiB)
/ #2. 宿主機執行ifconfig
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
inet6 fe80::42:edff:fe27:3e42 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 02:42:ed:27:3e:42 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 144 bytes 15731 (15.3 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 154 bytes 12815 (12.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.128.228 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.128.255
inet6 fe80::12da:f368:4b08:ba51 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:98:00:1a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 187247 bytes 177884280 (169.6 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 37928 bytes 5704255 (5.4 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 98 bytes 8608 (8.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 98 bytes 8608 (8.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 07. DNAT容器服務(暴露端口)
7.1 -p, --publish list
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --help
...
-p, --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host
...提示：如果要暴露多個端口的話，-p選項可以使用多次。
7.1.1 -p <containerPort>
將指定的容器端口<containerPort>映射至主機所有地址的一個動態端口。
1. 執行docker container run --name nginx1 -p 80 -d nginx:stable-alpine #可以發現沒有指定tcp或udp，它會自動判斷的
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --name nginx1 -p 80 -d nginx:stable-alpine
38f2be99f566f1b74c4778a7531ed77973d7eba03dd8c4abb0c77fdd4e91a862
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
38f2be99f566 nginx:stable-alpine "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp nginx12. 執行docker container inspect nginx1，查看nginx1容器的ip地址
[root@localhost ~]# docker container inspect nginx1
...
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "355a0d93cc674335c82d34659db98d7cfe539e5142cfc658d7e0ff556ab695c1",
"EndpointID": "46ce923e610565d7d0378214bb01f28412b51eda57ae67bb473f5689b862b4b2",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
...3. 執行docker container port nginx1或iptables -t nat -vnL，查看nginx1容器暴露哪個端口。提示：第1步驟執行docker container ls時就可以看到暴露哪個端口了
[root@localhost ~]# docker container port nginx1
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49154 #nginx1容器的tcp協議80端口映射到宿主機所有地址的49154端口or
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -t nat -vnL
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
38 2300 DOCKER all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 DOCKER all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 !127.0.0.0/8 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
4 288 MASQUERADE all -- * !docker0 172.17.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 MASQUERADE tcp -- * * 172.17.0.2 172.17.0.2 tcp dpt:80
Chain DOCKER (2 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
12 720 RETURN all -- docker0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 DNAT tcp -- !docker0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:49154 to:172.17.0.2:80 #這條規則是加-p選項自動生成的，如果停止容器這條會刪除。0.0.0.0/0是宿主機ip；dpt:49154是暴露的端口；172.17.0.2:80是nginx1容器的服務4. 執行ip a，查看宿主機ip
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:98:00:1a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.128.228/24 brd 192.168.128.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens33
valid_lft 1660sec preferred_lft 1660sec
inet6 fe80::12da:f368:4b08:ba51/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ed:27:3e:42 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:edff:fe27:3e42/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
123: veth50387b6@if122: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether 72:59:b1:66:c5:79 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet6 fe80::7059:b1ff:fe66:c579/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever5. 其他主機訪問192.168.128.228:49154
7.1.2 -p <hostPort>:<containerPort>
將容器端口<containerPort>映射至指定的主機端口<hotPort>。
1. 執行docker container run --name nginx1 -p 80:80 -d nginx:stable-alpine #可以發現沒有指定tcp或udp，它會自動判斷的
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --name nginx1 -p 80:80 -d nginx:stable-alpine
6f392a5beb037c85147022763b86a66ea87a506a7c485235551e92dca7687370
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6f392a5beb03 nginx:stable-alpine "/docker-entrypoint.…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx12. 執行docker container inspect nginx1，查看nginx1容器的ip地址
[root@localhost ~]# docker container inspect nginx1
...
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "355a0d93cc674335c82d34659db98d7cfe539e5142cfc658d7e0ff556ab695c1",
"EndpointID": "46ce923e610565d7d0378214bb01f28412b51eda57ae67bb473f5689b862b4b2",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
...3. 執行docker container port nginx1或iptables -t nat -vnL，查看nginx1容器暴露哪個端口。提示：第1步驟執行docker container ls時就可以看到暴露哪個端口了
[root@localhost ~]# docker container port nginx1
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:80 #nginx1容器的tcp協議80端口映射到宿主機所有地址的80端口
or
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -t nat -vnL
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 2 packets, 307 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
41 2456 DOCKER all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 2 packets, 307 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 328 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 DOCKER all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 !127.0.0.0/8 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 328 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
4 288 MASQUERADE all -- * !docker0 172.17.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 MASQUERADE tcp -- * * 172.17.0.2 172.17.0.2 tcp dpt:80
Chain DOCKER (2 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
12 720 RETURN all -- docker0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 DNAT tcp -- !docker0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 to:172.17.0.2:80 #這條規則是加-p選項自動生成的，如果停止容器這條會刪除。0.0.0.0/0是宿主機ip；dpt:80是暴露的端口；172.17.0.2:80是nginx1容器的服務4. 執行ip a，查看宿主機ip
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:98:00:1a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.128.228/24 brd 192.168.128.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens33
valid_lft 1485sec preferred_lft 1485sec
inet6 fe80::12da:f368:4b08:ba51/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ed:27:3e:42 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:edff:fe27:3e42/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
131: vethd8bbd55@if130: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether 76:a3:9b:5a:4a:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet6 fe80::74a3:9bff:fe5a:4aaf/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever5. 其他主機訪問192.168.128.228
7.1.3 -p <ip>::<containerPort>
將指定的容器端口<containerPort>映射至主機指定<ip>的動態端口。
1. 執行docker container run --name nginx1 -p 192.168.128.228::80 -d nginx:stable-alpine #可以發現沒有指定tcp或udp，它會自動判斷的
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --name nginx1 -p 192.168.128.228::80 -d nginx:stable-alpine
68a226bfb48e7fe59567bc44ec8e21c332e64e50330de8bf131d1dd41c6bb7d5
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
68a226bfb48e nginx:stable-alpine "/docker-entrypoint.…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 192.168.128.228:49155->80/tcp nginx12. 執行docker container inspect nginx1，查看nginx1容器的ip地址
[root@localhost ~]# docker container inspect nginx1
...
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "355a0d93cc674335c82d34659db98d7cfe539e5142cfc658d7e0ff556ab695c1",
"EndpointID": "46ce923e610565d7d0378214bb01f28412b51eda57ae67bb473f5689b862b4b2",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
...3. 執行docker container port nginx1或iptables -t nat -vnL，查看nginx1容器暴露哪個端口。提示：第1步驟執行docker container ls時就可以看到暴露哪個端口了
[root@localhost ~]# docker container port nginx1
80/tcp -> 192.168.128.228:49155 #nginx1容器的tcp協議80端口映射到宿主機192.168.128.228地址的49155端口or
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -t nat -vnL
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 2 packets, 307 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
41 2456 DOCKER all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 2 packets, 307 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 328 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 DOCKER all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 !127.0.0.0/8 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 328 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
4 288 MASQUERADE all -- * !docker0 172.17.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 MASQUERADE tcp -- * * 172.17.0.2 172.17.0.2 tcp dpt:80
Chain DOCKER (2 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
12 720 RETURN all -- docker0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 DNAT tcp -- !docker0 * 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.128.228 tcp dpt:49155 to:172.17.0.2:80 #這條規則是加-p選項自動生成的，如果停止容器這條會刪除。192.168.128.228是宿主機ip；dpt:49155是暴露的端口；172.17.0.2:80是nginx1容器的服務4. 執行ip a，查看宿主機ip
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:98:00:1a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.128.228/24 brd 192.168.128.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens33
valid_lft 1485sec preferred_lft 1485sec
inet6 fe80::12da:f368:4b08:ba51/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ed:27:3e:42 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:edff:fe27:3e42/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
131: vethd8bbd55@if130: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether 76:a3:9b:5a:4a:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet6 fe80::74a3:9bff:fe5a:4aaf/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever5. 其他主機訪問192.168.128.228:49155
7.1.4 -p <ip>:<hostPort>:<containerPort>
將指定的容器端口<containerPort>映射至主機指定<ip>的端口<hostPort>。
1. 執行docker container run --name nginx1 -p 192.168.128.228:80:80 -d nginx:stable-alpine #可以發現沒有指定tcp或udp，它會自動判斷的
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --name nginx1 -p 192.168.128.228:80:80 -d nginx:stable-alpine
3120d1f4b94d4b9c6a8f05a308fee3c68678ba43df5349ca1ef029d30f2fb997
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3120d1f4b94d nginx:stable-alpine "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 192.168.128.228:80->80/tcp nginx12. 執行docker container inspect nginx1，查看nginx1容器的ip地址
[root@localhost ~]# docker container inspect nginx1
...
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "355a0d93cc674335c82d34659db98d7cfe539e5142cfc658d7e0ff556ab695c1",
"EndpointID": "46ce923e610565d7d0378214bb01f28412b51eda57ae67bb473f5689b862b4b2",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
...3. 執行docker container port nginx1或iptables -t nat -vnL，查看nginx1容器暴露哪個端口。提示：第1步驟執行docker container ls時就可以看到暴露哪個端口了
[root@localhost ~]# docker container port nginx1
80/tcp -> 192.168.128.228:80 #nginx1容器的tcp協議80端口映射到宿主機192.168.128.228地址的80端口
or
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -t nat -vnL
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 2 packets, 307 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
41 2456 DOCKER all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 2 packets, 307 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 328 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 DOCKER all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 !127.0.0.0/8 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 328 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
4 288 MASQUERADE all -- * !docker0 172.17.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 MASQUERADE tcp -- * * 172.17.0.2 172.17.0.2 tcp dpt:80
Chain DOCKER (2 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
12 720 RETURN all -- docker0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 DNAT tcp -- !docker0 * 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.128.228 tcp dpt:80to:172.17.0.2:80 #這條規則是加-p選項自動生成的，如果停止容器這條會刪除。192.168.128.228是宿主機ip；dpt:80是暴露的端口；172.17.0.2:80是nginx1容器的服務4. 執行ip a，查看宿主機ip
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:98:00:1a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.128.228/24 brd 192.168.128.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens33
valid_lft 1485sec preferred_lft 1485sec
inet6 fe80::12da:f368:4b08:ba51/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ed:27:3e:42 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:edff:fe27:3e42/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
131: vethd8bbd55@if130: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether 76:a3:9b:5a:4a:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet6 fe80::74a3:9bff:fe5a:4aaf/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever5. 其他主機訪問192.168.128.228
7.2 -P, --publish-all
如果容器內有多個要暴露的端口，那使用-P選項可以一次暴露，但映射的端口是隨機的。
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --help
...
-P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports...
...8. 顯示容器的端口映射
[root@localhost ~]# docker container --help
...
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
...1. 執行docker container run --name nginx1 -p 80 -d nginx:stable-alpine
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --name nginx1 -d -p 80 nginx:stable-alpine
38f2be99f566f1b74c4778a7531ed77973d7eba03dd8c4abb0c77fdd4e91a862
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
38f2be99f566 nginx:stable-alpine "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp nginx12. 執行docker container port nginx1
[root@localhost ~]# docker container port nginx1
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49154 #容器的tcp協議80端口映射到宿主機所有地址的49154端口，這是DNAT9. 修改Docker0橋的網路屬性
1. 執行vim /etc/docker/daemon.json，新增以下黃色部分
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors":["https://mirror.baidubce.com"], #不是最後一行最後要加","
"bip":"10.0.0.1/16", #bip：bridge ip
"dns":["1.1.1.1","8.8.8.8"] #配置給容器的DNS；最後一行最後不用加","
}可修改的屬性：bip、fixed-cidr、fixed-cidr-v6、mtu、default-gateway、default-gateway-v6、dns
2. 執行systemctl restart docker.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker.service3. 執行ifconfig，可看到docker0橋的ip改為10.0.0.1了，netmask、broadcast會自動計算出來
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.0.255.255
inet6 fe80::42:edff:fe27:3e42 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 02:42:ed:27:3e:42 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 144 bytes 15731 (15.3 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 154 bytes 12815 (12.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.128.228 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.128.255
inet6 fe80::12da:f368:4b08:ba51 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:98:00:1a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 188786 bytes 178042071 (169.7 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 38731 bytes 5846809 (5.5 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 98 bytes 8608 (8.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 98 bytes 8608 (8.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 04. 執行docker container run --name busybox1 -it busybox:latest，執行ifconfig可看到配置的ip是10.0.0.2，執行cat /etc/resolve可看到DNS是1.1.1.1和8.8.8.8
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --name busybox1 -it busybox:latest
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:0A:00:00:02
inet addr:10.0.0.2 Bcast:10.0.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:516 (516.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf
search localdomain
nameserver 1.1.1.1
nameserver 8.8.8.810. 創建橋
1. 執行docker network create -d bridge --subnet "172.26.0.0/16" --gateway "172.26.0.1" mybr0
[root@localhost ~]# docker network create -d bridge --subnet "172.26.0.0/16" --gateway "172.26.0.1" mybr0
3038d5305c9ffc366223c7c0c377d0441dc9a8ac96f837c14dafbf197450b1da2. 執行docker network ls可看到自創建的mybr0橋
[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
c5aa6b757333 bridge bridge local
b7ac9b974d83 host host local
3038d5305c9f mybr0 bridge local
6375f3007dfa none null local3. 執行ifconfig可看到"br-3038d5305c9f"，3038d5305c9fg是第2步驟的NETWORK ID
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
br-3038d5305c9f: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 #注意：br-3038d5305c9f不要使用ip命令更改其名稱，否則創建容器綁定此網橋會無法識別到，需使用docker network create加上"-o"選項來更改，例如docker network create -d bridge --subnet "172.26.0.0/16" --gateway "172.26.0.1" -o "com.docker.network.bridge.name"="mybr0" mybr0
inet 172.26.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.26.255.255
ether 02:42:d4:89:32:20 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
ether 02:42:b6:d9:35:2f txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.128.228 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.128.255
inet6 fe80::12da:f368:4b08:ba51 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:98:00:1a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 766 bytes 83389 (81.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 474 bytes 94883 (92.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 68 bytes 5920 (5.7 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 68 bytes 5920 (5.7 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 011. 允許Docker服務被外部客戶端訪問
參考資料：https://www.cxyzjd.com/article/qq_21187515/90262324、https://gist.github.com/styblope/dc55e0ad2a9848f2cc3307d4819d819f
Docker服務默認監聽在Unix Socket，文件為/var/run/docker.sock，僅允許本地客戶端訪問，如果要被外部客戶端訪問需要增加監聽在TCP協議的套接字上。
1. 執行ll /var/run/docker.sock，這是Docker服務默認監聽在Unix Socket文件
[root@localhost ~]# ll /var/run/docker.sock
srw-rw----. 1 root docker 0 Feb 19 09:06 /var/run/docker.sock2. 執行vim /etc/docker/daemon.json，新增以下黃色部分
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors":["https://mirror.baidubce.com"],
"hosts":["tcp://0.0.0.0:2375","unix:///var/run/docker.sock"] #新增這條
}3. 新增/etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/override.conf文件，填寫以下內容
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/override.conf
[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd4. 重新載入systemd daemon
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload5. 執行systemctl restart docker.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker.service6. 執行ss -tnl，可以看到監聽2375端口
[root@localhost ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:2375 [::]:* 7. 外部客戶端訪問
[root@client ~]# docker -H 192.168.128.228:2375 version
Client:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26
Package version:
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: 0be3e21/1.13.1
Built: Thu Nov 12 15:11:46 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Server:
Version: 20.10.6
API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
Package version:
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: 8728dd2
Built: Fri Apr 9 22:43:57 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false