練習7
使用docker build命令製作容器鏡像：
範例1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir img1
[root@localhost ~]# cd img1/
[root@localhost img1]# vim Dockerfile
# Description: test image
FROM busybox:latest
LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
COPY index.html /data/web/html/ #複製Dockerfile所在目錄下的index.html文件到容器的/data/web/html目錄下，/data/web/html目錄不存在會自動創建
[root@localhost img1]# vim index.html
<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>
[root@localhost img1]# docker build -t tinyhttpd:v0.1 ./
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/3 : FROM busybox:latest
---> 388056c9a683
Step 2/3 : LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
---> Running in 4530e9ed0c8f
Removing intermediate container 4530e9ed0c8f
---> 510d8705fb8e
Step 3/3 : COPY index.html /data/web/html/
---> 3fd7ce0bf99e
Successfully built 3fd7ce0bf99e
Successfully tagged tinyhttpd:v0.1
[root@localhost img1]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tinyhttpd v0.1 3fd7ce0bf99e 25 seconds ago 1.23MB
busybox latest 388056c9a683 5 weeks ago 1.23MB
[root@localhost img1]# docker container run --name t1 --rm tinyhttpd:v0.1 cat /data/web/html/index.html
<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>範例2
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir img1
[root@localhost ~]# cd img1/
[root@localhost img1]# vim Dockerfile
# Description: test image
FROM busybox:latest
LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/ #複製Dockerfile所在目錄下的yum.repos.d目錄下的所有文件(不包含目錄本身)到容器的/etc/yum.repos.d目錄下，/etc/yum.repos.d目錄不存在會自動創建
[root@localhost img1]# cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d/ ./
[root@localhost img1]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 126 May 16 12:11 Dockerfile
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 242 May 16 12:11 yum.repos.d
[root@localhost img1]# docker build -t tinyos:v0.1 ./
Sending build context to Docker daemon 25.6kB
Step 1/3 : FROM busybox:latest
---> 388056c9a683
Step 2/3 : LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
---> Running in c138d9e1d36e
Removing intermediate container c138d9e1d36e
---> 4c2539d47175
Step 3/3 : COPY yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d/
---> c44c014c5cb8
Successfully built c44c014c5cb8
Successfully tagged tinyos:v0.1
[root@localhost img1]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tinyos v0.1 c44c014c5cb8 18 seconds ago 1.25MB
busybox latest 388056c9a683 5 weeks ago 1.23MB
[root@localhost img1]# docker container run --name t1 --rm tinyos:v0.1 ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo
CentOS-CR.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
CentOS-Media.repo
CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-fasttrack.repo
CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo
docker-ce.repo範例3
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir img1
[root@localhost ~]# cd img1/
[root@localhost img1]# ll
total 1040
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1061062 Apr 13 11:34 nginx-1.19.10.tar.gz #nginx官網下載的tar壓縮包
[root@localhost img1]# vim Dockerfile
# Description: test image
FROM busybox:latest
LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
ADD nginx-1.19.10.tar.gz /usr/local/src/ #nginx-1.19.10.tar.gz會被解tar、解壓縮放到/usr/local/src目錄下，/usr/local/src目錄不存在會自動創建
[root@localhost img1]# docker build -t tinyhttpd:v0.1 ./
Sending build context to Docker daemon 1.064MB
Step 1/3 : FROM busybox:latest
---> 388056c9a683
Step 2/3 : LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
---> Using cache
---> 124b66b113e6
Step 3/3 : ADD nginx-1.19.10.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
---> 49bb559f80bc
Successfully built 49bb559f80bc
Successfully tagged tinyhttpd:v0.1
[root@localhost img1]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tinyhttpd v0.1 49bb559f80bc 9 seconds ago 7.62MB
busybox latest 388056c9a683 5 weeks ago 1.23MB
[root@localhost img1]# docker container run --name t1 --rm tinyhttpd:v0.1 ls -l /usr/local/src/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 8 1001 1001 158 Apr 13 15:14 nginx-1.19.10範例4
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir img1
[root@localhost ~]# cd img1/
[root@localhost img1]# vim Dockerfile
# Description: test image
FROM busybox:latest
LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
ADD https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.19.10.tar.gz /usr/local/src/ #nginx-1.19.10.tar.gz會被下載放到/usr/local/src目錄下，/usr/local/src目錄不存在會自動創建
[root@localhost img1]# docker build -t tinyhttpd:v0.1 ./
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/3 : FROM busybox:latest
---> 388056c9a683
Step 2/3 : LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
---> Using cache
---> 124b66b113e6
Step 3/3 : ADD https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.19.10.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
Downloading [==================================================>] 1.061MB/1.061MB
---> c7f011a7cd3c
Successfully built c7f011a7cd3c
Successfully tagged tinyhttpd:v0.1
[root@localhost img1]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tinyhttpd v0.1 c7f011a7cd3c 23 seconds ago 2.29MB
busybox latest 388056c9a683 5 weeks ago 1.23MB
[root@localhost img1]# docker container run --name t1 --rm tinyhttpd:v0.1 ls -l /usr/local/src/
total 1040
-rw------- 1 root root 1061062 Apr 13 15:34 nginx-1.19.10.tar.gz範例5
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir img1
[root@localhost ~]# cd img1/
[root@localhost img1]# vim Dockerfile
# Description: test image
FROM busybox:latest
LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
WORKDIR /data/web/html/
COPY index.html ./ #./位置就是/data/web/html/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/
ADD https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.19.10.tar.gz ./ #./位置就是/usr/local/src/
[root@localhost img1]# vim index.html
<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>
[root@localhost img1]# docker build -t tinyhttpd:v0.1 ./
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/6 : FROM busybox:latest
---> 388056c9a683
Step 2/6 : LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
---> Using cache
---> 124b66b113e6
Step 3/6 : WORKDIR /data/web/html/
---> Running in 67e5acc0cfd0
Removing intermediate container 67e5acc0cfd0
---> ba11f6bcca05
Step 4/6 : COPY index.html ./
---> 8f3c532fd1c9
Step 5/6 : WORKDIR /usr/local/src/
---> Running in 730e6def320a
Removing intermediate container 730e6def320a
---> b8e4a8fe5d32
Step 6/6 : ADD https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.19.10.tar.gz ./
Downloading [==================================================>] 1.061MB/1.061MB
---> 281d78bb04c0
Successfully built 281d78bb04c0
Successfully tagged tinyhttpd:v0.1
[root@localhost img1]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tinyhttpd v0.1 281d78bb04c0 9 seconds ago 2.29MB
busybox latest 388056c9a683 5 weeks ago 1.23MB
[root@localhost img1]# docker container run --name t1 --rm tinyhttpd:v0.1 cat /data/web/html/index.html
<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>
[root@localhost img1]# docker container run --name t1 --rm tinyhttpd:v0.1 ls -l /usr/local/src/
total 1040
-rw------- 1 root root 1061062 Apr 13 15:34 nginx-1.19.10.tar.gz範例6
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir img1
[root@localhost ~]# cd img1/
[root@localhost img1]# vim Dockerfile
# Description: test image
FROM busybox:latest
LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
VOLUME /data/web/html/
[root@localhost img1]# docker build -t tinyhttpd:v0.1 ./
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/3 : FROM busybox:latest
---> 388056c9a683
Step 2/3 : LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
---> Using cache
---> 124b66b113e6
Step 3/3 : VOLUME /data/web/html/
---> Running in 5a0d68417702
Removing intermediate container 5a0d68417702
---> 6c165542350d
Successfully built 6c165542350d
Successfully tagged tinyhttpd:v0.1
[root@localhost img1]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tinyhttpd v0.1 6c165542350d 3 minutes ago 1.23MB
busybox latest 388056c9a683 5 weeks ago 1.23MB
[root@localhost img1]# docker container run --name w1 -it --rm tinyhttpd:v0.1
/ # ls -d /data/web/html/
/data/web/html/
[root@localhost img1]# docker container inspect w1
...
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "b38d32431f66dc844ef70bb35bebf8c48906ba17d2edd591b1dbcb73b69f70ba",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/b38d32431f66dc844ef70bb35bebf8c48906ba17d2edd591b1dbcb73b69f70ba/_data",
"Destination": "/data/web/html",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}
],
...
"Volumes": {
"/data/web/html/": {}
},
...範例7
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir img1
[root@localhost ~]# cd img1/
[root@localhost img1]# vim Dockerfile
# Description: test image
FROM busybox:latest
LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
EXPOSE 123 #當創建容器時加-P選項就會暴露這裡指定的port，如果這裡沒指定則創建容器時加-P選項會暴露容器所有的port
[root@localhost img1]# docker build -t tinyhttpd:v0.1 ./
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/3 : FROM busybox:latest
---> 388056c9a683
Step 2/3 : LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
---> Running in 0bea5a51b72f
Removing intermediate container 0bea5a51b72f
---> bc2c832704f9
Step 3/3 : EXPOSE 123
---> Running in f20335552e16
Removing intermediate container f20335552e16
---> 3b31c7a5d531
Successfully built 3b31c7a5d531
Successfully tagged tinyhttpd:v0.1
[root@localhost img1]# docker container run --name w1 --rm tinyhttpd:v0.1 httpd -f -h /tmp
[root@localhost img1]# docker container port w1 #僅暴露Dockerfile裡指定的123 port
123/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49159
123/tcp -> :::49159範例8
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir img1
[root@localhost ~]# cd img1/
[root@localhost img1]# vim Dockerfile
# Description: test image
FROM busybox:latest
LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
ENV DOC_ROOT=/data/web/html/ \
WEB_SERVER_PACKAGE=nginx-1.19.10
COPY index.html ${DOC_ROOT:-/tmp/}
ADD ${WEB_SERVER_PACKAGE}.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost img1]# ll
total 1044
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 218 May 16 14:02 Dockerfile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 16 14:03 index.html
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1061062 Apr 13 11:34 nginx-1.19.10.tar.gz
[root@localhost img1]# docker build -t tinyhttpd:v0.1 ./
Sending build context to Docker daemon 1.064MB
Step 1/5 : FROM busybox:latest
---> 388056c9a683
Step 2/5 : LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
---> Running in 16e89174e9a3
Removing intermediate container 16e89174e9a3
---> db8e2d719140
Step 3/5 : ENV DOC_ROOT=/data/web/html/ WEB_SERVER_PACKAGE=nginx-1.19.10
---> Running in 621e0d91d597
Removing intermediate container 621e0d91d597
---> 15ae21e1a36a
Step 4/5 : COPY index.html ${DOC_ROOT:-/tmp/}
---> fcc1e806799f
Step 5/5 : ADD ${WEB_SERVER_PACKAGE}.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
---> cc69707972d8
Successfully built cc69707972d8
Successfully tagged tinyhttpd:v0.1
[root@localhost img1]# docker container run --name w1 --rm tinyhttpd:v0.1 ls /data/web/html/
index.html
[root@localhost img1]# docker container run --name w1 --rm tinyhttpd:v0.1 ls /usr/local/src/
nginx-1.19.10範例9
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --name t1 --rm -e ABC=EFG busybox:latest printenv #創建容器時加-e選項可以設定容器環境的環境變量
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=36131ba8c2dc
ABC=EFG
HOME=/root範例10
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir img1
[root@localhost ~]# cd img1/
[root@localhost img1]# vim Dockerfile
FROM busybox:latest
LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
ENV WEB_DOC_ROOT="/data/web/html/"
RUN mkdir -p $WEB_DOC_ROOT && \
echo '<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>' > ${WEB_DOC_ROOT}/index.html
CMD /bin/httpd -f -h ${WEB_DOC_ROOT}
[root@localhost img1]# docker build -t tinyhttpd:v0.1 ./
Sending build context to Docker daemon 1.064MB
Step 1/5 : FROM busybox:latest
---> 388056c9a683
Step 2/5 : LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
---> Using cache
---> db8e2d719140
Step 3/5 : ENV WEB_DOC_ROOT="/data/web/html/"
---> Using cache
---> 577cffed8421
Step 4/5 : RUN mkdir -p $WEB_DOC_ROOT && echo '<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>' > ${WEB_DOC_ROOT}/index.html
---> Running in ba23599d008a
Removing intermediate container ba23599d008a
---> 6551eaafb6b1
Step 5/5 : CMD /bin/httpd -f -h ${WEB_DOC_ROOT}
---> Running in fa9432f5daf4
Removing intermediate container fa9432f5daf4
---> 89d33579da37
Successfully built 89d33579da37
Successfully tagged tinyhttpd:v0.1
[root@localhost img1]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tinyhttpd v0.1 89d33579da37 47 seconds ago 1.23MB
busybox latest 388056c9a683 5 weeks ago 1.23MB
[root@localhost img1]# docker container run --name w1 --rm tinyhttpd:v0.1
[root@localhost ~]# docker container exec -it w1 /bin/sh
/ # ps
PID USER TIME COMMAND
1 root 0:00 /bin/httpd -f -h /data/web/html/ #PID號為1運行的是CMD的命令
7 root 0:00 /bin/sh
13 root 0:00 ps範例11
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run --name t1 --rm nginx:stable-alpine ls / #後面加上運行的命令可以覆蓋鏡像默認要運行的命令
bin
dev
docker-entrypoint.d
docker-entrypoint.sh
etc
home
lib
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var範例12
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir img1
[root@localhost ~]# cd img1/
[root@localhost img1]# vim Dockerfile
# Description: test image
FROM busybox:latest
LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
ENV WEB_DOC_ROOT="/data/web/html/"
RUN mkdir -p $WEB_DOC_ROOT && \
echo '<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>' > ${WEB_DOC_ROOT}/index.html
ENTRYPOINT /bin/httpd -f -h ${WEB_DOC_ROOT}
[root@localhost img1]# docker build -t tinyhttpd:v0.1 ./
Sending build context to Docker daemon 1.064MB
Step 1/5 : FROM busybox:latest
---> 388056c9a683
Step 2/5 : LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
---> Using cache
---> db8e2d719140
Step 3/5 : ENV WEB_DOC_ROOT="/data/web/html/"
---> Using cache
---> 577cffed8421
Step 4/5 : RUN mkdir -p $WEB_DOC_ROOT && echo '<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>' > ${WEB_DOC_ROOT}/index.html
---> Running in 969b0f7cd089
Removing intermediate container 969b0f7cd089
---> 4fcd9c8f5a48
Step 5/5 : ENTRYPOINT /bin/httpd -f -h ${WEB_DOC_ROOT}
---> Running in 3a72428a3042
Removing intermediate container 3a72428a3042
---> cd453ec059f8
Successfully built cd453ec059f8
Successfully tagged tinyhttpd:v0.1
[root@localhost img1]# docker container run --name w1 --rm tinyhttpd:v0.1 ls / #不會執行ls /，因為ls /被當作鏡像中ENTRYPOINT的參數
[root@localhost img1]# docker container run --name w1 --rm --entrypoint ls tinyhttpd:v0.1 / #加上--entrypoint選項後面接命令，最後再加命令的參數
bin
data
dev
etc
home
proc
root
sys
tmp
usr
var範例13
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir img1
[root@localhost ~]# cd img1/
[root@localhost img1]# vim Dockerfile
# Description: test image
FROM busybox:latest
LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
ENV WEB_DOC_ROOT="/data/web/html/"
RUN mkdir -p $WEB_DOC_ROOT && \
echo '<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>' > ${WEB_DOC_ROOT}/index.html
CMD ["/bin/sh","-c","/bin/httpd -f -h /data/web/html"] #當默認參數傳給ENTRYPOINT
ENTRYPOINT
[root@localhost img1]# docker build -t tinyhttpd:v0.1 ./
Sending build context to Docker daemon 1.064MB
Step 1/6 : FROM busybox:latest
---> 388056c9a683
Step 2/6 : LABEL maintainer="author <author@gmail.com>"
---> Using cache
---> db8e2d719140
Step 3/6 : ENV WEB_DOC_ROOT="/data/web/html/"
---> Using cache
---> 577cffed8421
Step 4/6 : RUN mkdir -p $WEB_DOC_ROOT && echo '<h1>busybox httpd server.</h1>' > ${WEB_DOC_ROOT}/index.html
---> Running in 766df7b18b72
Removing intermediate container 766df7b18b72
---> 07b8880a5bed
Step 5/6 : CMD ["/bin/sh","-c","/bin/httpd -f -h /data/web/html"]
---> Running in 36913c8432ba
Removing intermediate container 36913c8432ba
---> fcf39b512689
Step 6/6 : ENTRYPOINT
---> Running in 0a22b089a0c6
Removing intermediate container 0a22b089a0c6
---> 8090bc89845a
Successfully built 8090bc89845a
Successfully tagged tinyhttpd:v0.1
[root@localhost img1]# docker container run --name w1 --rm tinyhttpd:v0.1 ls / #ls /當參數傳給ENTRYPOINT，覆蓋了CMD這個默認參數
bin
data
dev
etc
home
proc
root
sys
tmp
usr
var