說明物件(object)如何序列化(serialize)轉成 XML 與 JSON 格式之字符串(string)，並反序列化(deserialize)轉回成物件(object)作使用。
XML 與 JSON 序列化 / 反序列化靜態類別
public static class JObjectSerializer
{
/// <summary>
/// XML 序列/反序列化物件類別
/// </summary>
public static class XML
{
/// <summary>
/// 將物件序列化成XML格式字串
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">物件型別</typeparam>
/// <param name="obj">物件</param>
/// <returns>XML格式字串</returns>
public static string Serialize<T>(T obj) where T : class
{
XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(obj.GetType());
var stringWriter = new StringWriter();
using (var writer = XmlWriter.Create(stringWriter))
{
serializer.Serialize(writer, obj);
return IndentXMLString(stringWriter.ToString());
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 將XML格式字串反序列化成物件
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">物件型別</typeparam>
/// <param name="xmlString">XML格式字串</param>
/// <returns>反序列化後的物件</returns>
public static T Deserialize<T>(string xmlString) where T : class
{
XmlSerializer deserializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
using (TextReader reader = new StringReader(xmlString))
{
object deserializationObj = deserializer.Deserialize(reader);
return deserializationObj as T;
};
}
/// <summary>
/// 格式化 XML 字串 (方便人員閱讀)
/// 【 XML Formatter Link 】 - 將 XML 內容格式化排列整齊，方便閱讀的網站。
/// Formats a XML string/file with your desired indentation level.
/// The formatting rules are not configurable but it uses a per-element indentation pattern giving the best readability.
/// https://www.freeformatter.com/xml-formatter.html
/// </summary>
/// <param name="XML">格式化前的 XML 字串</param>
/// <returns>格式化後的 XML 字串</returns>
public static String IndentXMLString(String XML)
{
String Result = "";
MemoryStream mStream = new MemoryStream();
XmlTextWriter writer = new XmlTextWriter(mStream, Encoding.Unicode);
XmlDocument document = new XmlDocument();
try
{
// Load the XmlDocument with the XML.
document.LoadXml(XML);
writer.Formatting = System.Xml.Formatting.Indented;
// Write the XML into a formatting XmlTextWriter
document.WriteContentTo(writer);
writer.Flush();
mStream.Flush();
// Have to rewind the MemoryStream in order to read
// its contents.
mStream.Position = 0;
// Read MemoryStream contents into a StreamReader.
StreamReader sReader = new StreamReader(mStream);
// Extract the text from the StreamReader.
String FormattedXML = sReader.ReadToEnd();
Result = FormattedXML;
}
catch (XmlException)
{
}
mStream.Close();
writer.Close();
return Result;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// JSON 序列/反序列化物件類別
/// </summary>
public static class JSON
{
/// <summary>
/// 將物件序列化成JSON格式字串
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">物件型別</typeparam>
/// <param name="obj">物件</param>
/// <returns>XML格式字串</returns>
public static string Serialize<T>(T obj) where T : class
{
string json_data = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(obj);//存放序列後的文字
return IndentJsonString(json_data);
}
/// <summary>
/// 將JSON格式字串反序列化成物件
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">物件型別</typeparam>
/// <param name="xmlString">XML格式字串</param>
/// <returns>反序列化後的物件</returns>
public static T Deserialize<T>(string jsonString) where T : class
{
return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(jsonString);
}
/// <summary>
/// 格式化JSON字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str">格式化前的 JSON 字串</param>
/// <returns>格式化後的 JSON 字串</returns>
public static string IndentJsonString(string str)
{
string sRet = str;
JsonSerializer serializer = new JsonSerializer();
using (TextReader tr = new StringReader(str))
{
using (JsonTextReader jtr = new JsonTextReader(tr))
{
object obj = serializer.Deserialize(jtr);
if (obj != null)
{
using (StringWriter textWriter = new StringWriter())
{
using (JsonTextWriter jsonWriter = new JsonTextWriter(textWriter)
{
Formatting = Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented,
Indentation = 4,
IndentChar = ' '
})
{
serializer.Serialize(jsonWriter, obj);
sRet = textWriter.ToString();
}
}
}
}
}
return sRet;
}
}
}
測試用樣本資料類別
public class PC : IDisposable
{
public string Belong2 { get; set; }
public DateTime DatePurchased { get; set; }
public Hardware Hardware { get; set; }
public Software Software { get; set; }
public PC()
{
Hardware = new Hardware();
Software = new Software();
}
public void Dispose()
{
Hardware.Clear();
Software.Clear();
}
}
public class Hardware
{
public string CPU { get; set; }
public int RAMSize { get; set; }
public List<Harddisk> HardDisks { get; set; }
public Hardware()
{
HardDisks = new List<Harddisk>();
}
public void Clear()
{
HardDisks.Clear();
HardDisks.TrimExcess();
}
}
public class Harddisk
{
public string Brand { get; set; }
public int Size { get; set; }
public string Type { get; set; }
}
public class Software
{
public string OS { get; set; }
public List<App> Apps { get; set; }
public Software()
{
Apps = new List<App>();
}
public void Clear()
{
Apps.Clear();
Apps.TrimExcess();
}
}
public class App
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Version { get; set; }
}
測試範例
using(PC pc = new PC())
{
pc.Belong2 = "Johnny";
pc.DatePurchased = DateTime.Now;
pc.Hardware.CPU = "Intel Core i5-3470 @ 3.20GHz";
pc.Hardware.RAMSize = 8;
pc.Hardware.HardDisks.Add(new Harddisk(){Brand = "Seagate", Size = 500});
pc.Hardware.HardDisks.Add(new Harddisk(){Brand = "Intel", Size = 128, Type = "SSD"});
pc.Software.OS = "Windows 7 Professional 64-bit Service Pack 1";
pc.Software.Apps.Add(new App(){Name = "Office 2013"});
pc.Software.Apps.Add(new App(){Name = "Visual Studio 2013", Version = "12.0.30110.00 Update 1"});
//將 PC object 轉為 XML string
rtbXML.Text = JObjectSerializer.XML.Serialize<PC>(pc);
//將 PC object 轉為 JSON string
rtbJSON.Text = JObjectSerializer.JSON.Serialize<PC>(pc);
//將 XML string 轉為 PC object
PC pc_xml = JObjectSerializer.XML.Deserialize<PC>(rtbXML.Text);
//將 JSON string 轉為 PC object
PC pc_json = JObjectSerializer.JSON.Deserialize<PC>(rtbJSON.Text);
}
補充
Json.Net 套件安裝可參考這篇說明：https://dotblogs.com.tw/jwpl102216/2018/01/06/092426
