如何使用XSD (XML Schema Definition)驗證XML內容

2012-04-10

8395
0
C#

STEP 1. 從應用程式執行 "Visual Studio 命令提示字元 (2010)"
此步驟或許需系統管理員身份執行, 以確保權限足夠.

STEP 2. 建立XML檔
建立待轉換的XML檔內容, 檔名為Query.xml, 存至C:\
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<Root>
    <Data>
        <MerchantID></MerchantID>
        <MerchantTradeNo></MerchantTradeNo>
        <QueryDate></QueryDate>
    </Data>
</Root>

STEP 3. 將XML檔轉換成XSD檔
執行以下指令, 假設XML檔名為Query.xml
xsd C:\Query.xml /O:C:\
將xml檔轉換成xsd檔, 並儲存在C:\.

XSD參數運用請參考:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/x6c1kb0s(v=VS.80).aspx

STEP 4. 修改XSD檔, 以符合格式驗證要求
產生的Query.xsd檔內容如下.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xs:schema id="Root" xmlns="" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
<xs:element name="Root" msdata:IsDataSet="true" msdata:Locale="en-US">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
        <xs:element name="Data">
          <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
              <xs:element name="MerchantID" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
              <xs:element name="MerchantTradeNo" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
              <xs:element name="QueryDate" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
            </xs:sequence>
          </xs:complexType>
        </xs:element>
      </xs:choice>
    </xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>

先將schema id="Root" 改為 id="Query", 避免載入VS後造成衝突.
再來可以對每個element進行型態上的檢查.

原生型態如下:

衍生型態如下:

STEP 5. 透過限制 (Restrictions), 制訂更嚴謹的驗證
有以下的設定可更嚴謹的限制, 但非所有資料型態都能使用.

Restrictions for Datatypes

Constraint	Description
enumeration	Defines a list of acceptable values
fractionDigits	Specifies the maximum number of decimal places allowed. Must be equal to or greater than zero
length	Specifies the exact number of characters or list items allowed. Must be equal to or greater than zero
maxExclusive	Specifies the upper bounds for numeric values (the value must be less than this value)
maxInclusive	Specifies the upper bounds for numeric values (the value must be less than or equal to this value)
maxLength	Specifies the maximum number of characters or list items allowed. Must be equal to or greater than zero
minExclusive	Specifies the lower bounds for numeric values (the value must be greater than this value)
minInclusive	Specifies the lower bounds for numeric values (the value must be greater than or equal to this value)
minLength	Specifies the minimum number of characters or list items allowed. Must be equal to or greater than zero
pattern	Defines the exact sequence of characters that are acceptable
totalDigits	Specifies the exact number of digits allowed. Must be greater than zero
whiteSpace	Specifies how white space (line feeds, tabs, spaces, and carriage returns) is handled

STEP 6. 將XSD檔加入至Visual Studio專案中.

STEP 7. 透過XDocument驗證XML內容
使用XDocument需要加入以下的Namespace.
using System.Xml.Schema;
using System.Xml.Linq;

透過try catch可確認是否驗證失敗
try
{
    XDocument xDoc = XDocument.Parse("需驗證的XMLData String");
    XmlSchemaSet schemas = new XmlSchemaSet();
    schemas.Add(string.Empty, "xsd位置");
    xDoc.Validate(schemas, null);
}
catch (Exception)
{
    return false;
}

null的部份可以改為使用Lambda Expression取得, 如下.
(o, e) =>{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}

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Constraint

Description